The languages represented in the United States are diverse, and at times controversial. While Standard English is taught and officially used throughout the nation, dialects and cultural influences affect communication. As new immigrants arrive, they bring differing languages to the melting pot, enriching it with their cultures and values.
What form or dialect of English is considered "Standard"? The answer varies from community to community. The informal standard is used frequently in conversation, while the formal standard is usually reserved for writing. However, particular dialects, such as Black English and Appalachian English can be associated with lower working classes, resulting in negative assumptions. Those assumptions regarding the intelligence and moral values of an individual can be a disadvantage in the school and work environments.
Other controversial issues regarding language appear in bilingual and English as a Second Language (ESL) programs. Even though research points to several years of needed language training for advanced fluency skills, including academic language (CALP), schools are mandated by state requirements to push students to advanced levels of fluency within a three year period. While bilingual education has been available, it is important to consider the other hundreds of languages represented in school districts today. As we consider both the increasing numbers of ELL's enrolling in our school systems and the increasing financial difficulties, we have to arrive at a fair and equal system of instruction. It is vital that our nation's citizens are able to communicate in at least one English language for the continued success of our union.
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