While children are children, they are all very unique and special. Students with both giftedness and learning differences require certain accommodations at times. Because of particular litigation measures, it is the law that all students be provided with a free public education.
Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, provided that all people from ages 3 to 21 receive a free and appropriate education, procedural safeguards to protect their rights, an education in the least restrictive environment, individualized education programs, parental involvement in educational decisions, and fair and unbiased evaluations. While Congress mandated these services for children with disabilities, they have not supported school districts with even half of the necessary funding to provide these expensive services. When "appropriate" educations have been tested in court, there have been cases where the courts ruled in favor of the child, and or the school district.
The chapter continued to emphasize the overrepresentation of minorities in special education. African males were said to be especially overrepresented. Some possible variables contibuting to the issue were poverty, lead poisoning, over-referrals, racial bias, and assessment issues.
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